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    深入淺出Win32多線程設計之MFC的多線程-線程與消息隊列(經典)

    2016-09-28 00:00:00 廣州睿豐德信息科技有限公司 閱讀
    睿豐德科技 專注RFID識別技術和條碼識別技術與管理軟件的集成項目。質量追溯系統、MES系統、金蝶與條碼系統對接、用友與條碼系統對接

    1、創建和終止線程

      在MFC程序中創建一個線程,宜調用AfxBeginThread函數。該函數因參數不同而具有兩種重載版本,分別對應工作者線程和用戶接口(UI)線程。

      工作者線程

    CWinThread *AfxBeginThread(
     AFX_THREADPROC pfnThreadProc, //控制函數
     LPVOID pParam, //傳遞給控制函數的參數
     int nPriority = THREAD_PRIORITY_NORMAL, //線程的優先級
     UINT nStackSize = 0, //線程的堆棧大小
     DWORD dwCreateFlags = 0, //線程的創建標志
     LPSECURITY_ATTRIBUTES lpSecurityAttrs = NULL //線程的安全屬性
    );

      工作者線程編程較為簡單,只需編寫線程控制函數和啟動線程即可。下面的代碼給出了定義一個控制函數和啟動它的過程:

    //線程控制函數
    UINT MfcThreadProc(LPVOID lpParam)
    {
     CExampleClass *lpObject = (CExampleClass*)lpParam;
     if (lpObject == NULL || !lpObject->IsKindof(RUNTIME_CLASS(CExampleClass)))
      return - 1; //輸入參數非法 
     //線程成功啟動
     while (1)
     {
      ...//
     }
     return 0;
    }

    //在MFC程序中啟動線程
    AfxBeginThread(MfcThreadProc, lpObject);

      UI線程

      創建用戶界面線程時,必須首先從CWinThread 派生類,并使用 DECLARE_DYNCREATE 和 IMPLEMENT_DYNCREATE 宏聲明此類。

      下面給出了CWinThread類的原型(添加了關于其重要函數功能和是否需要被繼承類重載的注釋):

    class CWinThread : public CCmdTarget
    {
     DECLARE_DYNAMIC(CWinThread)

     public:
      // Constructors
      CWinThread();
      BOOL CreateThread(DWORD dwCreateFlags = 0, UINT nStackSize = 0,
    LPSECURITY_ATTRIBUTES lpSecurityAttrs = NULL);

      // Attributes
      CWnd* m_pMainWnd; // main window (usually same AfxGetApp()->m_pMainWnd)
      CWnd* m_pActiveWnd; // active main window (may not be m_pMainWnd)
      BOOL m_bAutoDelete; // enables 'delete this' after thread termination

      // only valid while running
      HANDLE m_hThread; // this thread's HANDLE
      operator HANDLE() const;
      DWORD m_nThreadID; // this thread's ID

      int GetThreadPriority();
      BOOL SetThreadPriority(int nPriority);

      // Operations
      DWORD SuspendThread();
      DWORD ResumeThread();
      BOOL PostThreadMessage(UINT message, WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam);

      // Overridables
      //執行線程實例初始化,必須重寫
      virtual BOOL InitInstance();

      // running and idle processing
      //控制線程的函數,包含消息泵,一般不重寫
      virtual int Run();

      //消息調度到TranslateMessage和DispatchMessage之前對其進行篩選,
      //通常不重寫
      virtual BOOL PreTranslateMessage(MSG* pMsg);

      virtual BOOL PumpMessage(); // low level message pump

      //執行線程特定的閑置時間處理,通常不重寫
      virtual BOOL OnIdle(LONG lCount); // return TRUE if more idle processing
      virtual BOOL IsIdleMessage(MSG* pMsg); // checks for special messages

      //線程終止時執行清除,通常需要重寫
      virtual int ExitInstance(); // default will 'delete this'

      //截獲由線程的消息和命令處理程序引發的未處理異常,通常不重寫
      virtual LRESULT ProcessWndProcException(CException* e, const MSG* pMsg);

      // Advanced: handling messages sent to message filter hook
      virtual BOOL ProcessMessageFilter(int code, LPMSG lpMsg);

      // Advanced: virtual access to m_pMainWnd
      virtual CWnd* GetMainWnd();

      // Implementation
     public:
      virtual ~CWinThread();
      #ifdef _DEBUG
       virtual void AssertValid() const;
       virtual void Dump(CDumpContext& dc) const;
       int m_nDisablePumpCount; // Diagnostic trap to detect illegal re-entrancy
      #endif
      void CommonConstruct();
      virtual void Delete();
      // 'delete this' only if m_bAutoDelete == TRUE

      // message pump for Run
      MSG m_msgCur; // current message

     public:
      // constructor used by implementation of AfxBeginThread
      CWinThread(AFX_THREADPROC pfnThreadProc, LPVOID pParam);

      // valid after construction
      LPVOID m_pThreadParams; // generic parameters passed to starting function
      AFX_THREADPROC m_pfnThreadProc;

      // set after OLE is initialized
      void (AFXAPI* m_lpfnOleTermOrFreeLib)(BOOL, BOOL);
      COleMessageFilter* m_pMessageFilter;

     protected:
      CPoint m_ptCursorLast; // last mouse position
      UINT m_nMsgLast; // last mouse message
      BOOL DispatchThreadMessageEx(MSG* msg); // helper
      void DispatchThreadMessage(MSG* msg); // obsolete
    };
     

      啟動UI線程的AfxBeginThread函數的原型為:

    CWinThread *AfxBeginThread(
     //從CWinThread派生的類的 RUNTIME_CLASS
     CRuntimeClass *pThreadClass, 
     int nPriority = THREAD_PRIORITY_NORMAL, 
     UINT nStackSize = 0, 
     DWORD dwCreateFlags = 0,
     LPSECURITY_ATTRIBUTES lpSecurityAttrs = NULL
    ); 

      我們可以方便地使用VC++ 6.0類向導定義一個繼承自CWinThread的用戶線程類。下面給出產生我們自定義的CWinThread子類CMyUIThread的方法。

      打開VC++ 6.0類向導,在如下窗口中選擇Base Class類為CWinThread,輸入子類名為CMyUIThread,點擊"OK"按鈕后就產生了類CMyUIThread。


    其源代碼框架為:

    /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
    // CMyUIThread thread

    class CMyUIThread : public CWinThread
    {
     DECLARE_DYNCREATE(CMyUIThread)
     protected:
      CMyUIThread(); // protected constructor used by dynamic creation

      // Attributes
     public:

      // Operations
     public:

      // Overrides
      // ClassWizard generated virtual function overrides
      //{{AFX_VIRTUAL(CMyUIThread)
      public:
       virtual BOOL InitInstance();
       virtual int ExitInstance();
      //}}AFX_VIRTUAL

      // Implementation
     protected:
      virtual ~CMyUIThread();

      // Generated message map functions
      //{{AFX_MSG(CMyUIThread)
       // NOTE - the ClassWizard will add and remove member functions here.
      //}}AFX_MSG

     DECLARE_MESSAGE_MAP()
    };

    /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
    // CMyUIThread

    IMPLEMENT_DYNCREATE(CMyUIThread, CWinThread)

    CMyUIThread::CMyUIThread()
    {}

    CMyUIThread::~CMyUIThread()
    {}

    BOOL CMyUIThread::InitInstance()
    {
     // TODO: perform and per-thread initialization here
     return TRUE;
    }

    int CMyUIThread::ExitInstance()
    {
     // TODO: perform any per-thread cleanup here
     return CWinThread::ExitInstance();
    }

    BEGIN_MESSAGE_MAP(CMyUIThread, CWinThread)
    //{{AFX_MSG_MAP(CMyUIThread)
    // NOTE - the ClassWizard will add and remove mapping macros here.
    //}}AFX_MSG_MAP
    END_MESSAGE_MAP()

      使用下列代碼就可以啟動這個UI線程:

    CMyUIThread *pThread;
    pThread = (CMyUIThread*)
    AfxBeginThread( RUNTIME_CLASS(CMyUIThread) );

      另外,我們也可以不用AfxBeginThread 創建線程,而是分如下兩步完成:

      (1)調用線程類的構造函數創建一個線程對象;

      (2)調用CWinThread::CreateThread函數來啟動該線程。

      在線程自身內調用AfxEndThread函數可以終止該線程:

    void AfxEndThread(
     UINT nExitCode //the exit code of the thread
    );

      對于UI線程而言,如果消息隊列中放入了WM_QUIT消息,將結束線程。

      關于UI線程和工作者線程的分配,最好的做法是:將所有與UI相關的操作放入主線程,其它的純粹的運算工作交給獨立的數個工作者線程。

      候捷先生早些時間喜歡為MDI程序的每個窗口創建一個線程,他后來澄清了這個錯誤。因為如果為MDI程序的每個窗口都單獨創建一個線程,在窗口進行切換的時候,將進行線程的上下文切換!


    3.線程與消息隊列

      在WIN32中,每一個線程都對應著一個消息隊列。由于一個線程可以產生數個窗口,所以并不是每個窗口都對應著一個消息隊列。下列幾句話應該作為"定理"被記住:

      "定理" 一

      所有產生給某個窗口的消息,都先由創建這個窗口的線程處理;

      "定理" 二

      Windows屏幕上的每一個控件都是一個窗口,有對應的窗口函數。

      消息的發送通常有兩種方式,一是SendMessage,一是PostMessage,其原型分別為:

    LRESULT SendMessage(HWND hWnd, // handle of destination window
     UINT Msg, // message to send
     WPARAM wParam, // first message parameter
     LPARAM lParam // second message parameter
    );
    BOOL PostMessage(HWND hWnd, // handle of destination window
     UINT Msg, // message to post
     WPARAM wParam, // first message parameter
     LPARAM lParam // second message parameter
    );

      兩個函數原型中的四個參數的意義相同,但是SendMessage和PostMessage的行為有差異。SendMessage必須等待消息被處理后才返回,而PostMessage僅僅將消息放入消息隊列。SendMessage的目標窗口如果屬于另一個線程,則會發生線程上下文切換,等待另一線程處理完成消息。為了防止另一線程當掉,導致SendMessage永遠不能返回,我們可以調用SendMessageTimeout函數:

    LRESULT SendMessageTimeout(
     HWND hWnd, // handle of destination window
     UINT Msg, // message to send
     WPARAM wParam, // first message parameter
     LPARAM lParam, // second message parameter
     UINT fuFlags, // how to send the message
     UINT uTimeout, // time-out duration
     LPDWORD lpdwResult // return value for synchronous call
    );

      4. MFC線程、消息隊列與MFC程序的"生死因果"

      分析MFC程序的主線程啟動及消息隊列處理的過程將有助于我們進一步理解UI線程與消息隊列的關系,為此我們需要簡單地敘述一下MFC程序的"生死因果"(侯捷:《深入淺出MFC》)。

      使用VC++ 6.0的向導完成一個最簡單的單文檔架構MFC應用程序MFCThread:

      (1) 輸入MFC EXE工程名MFCThread;

      (2) 選擇單文檔架構,不支持Document/View結構;

      (3) ActiveX、3D container等其他選項都選擇無。

      我們來分析這個工程。下面是產生的核心源代碼:

      MFCThread.h 文件

    class CMFCThreadApp : public CWinApp
    {
     public:
      CMFCThreadApp();

      // Overrides
      // ClassWizard generated virtual function overrides
      //{{AFX_VIRTUAL(CMFCThreadApp)
       public:
        virtual BOOL InitInstance();
      //}}AFX_VIRTUAL

      // Implementation

     public:
      //{{AFX_MSG(CMFCThreadApp)
       afx_msg void OnAppAbout();
       // NOTE - the ClassWizard will add and remove member functions here.
       // DO NOT EDIT what you see in these blocks of generated code !
      //}}AFX_MSG
     DECLARE_MESSAGE_MAP()
    };

      MFCThread.cpp文件

    CMFCThreadApp theApp;

    /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
    // CMFCThreadApp initialization

    BOOL CMFCThreadApp::InitInstance()
    {
     …
     CMainFrame* pFrame = new CMainFrame;
     m_pMainWnd = pFrame;

     // create and load the frame with its resources
     pFrame->LoadFrame(IDR_MAINFRAME,WS_OVERLAPPEDWINDOW | FWS_ADDTOTITLE, NULL,NULL);
     // The one and only window has been initialized, so show and update it.
     pFrame->ShowWindow(SW_SHOW);
     pFrame->UpdateWindow();

     return TRUE;
    }

      MainFrm.h文件

    #include "ChildView.h"

    class CMainFrame : public CFrameWnd
    {
     public:
      CMainFrame();
     protected: 
      DECLARE_DYNAMIC(CMainFrame)

      // Attributes
     public:

      // Operations
     public:
      // Overrides
      // ClassWizard generated virtual function overrides
      //{{AFX_VIRTUAL(CMainFrame)
       virtual BOOL PreCreateWindow(CREATESTRUCT& cs);
       virtual BOOL OnCmdMsg(UINT nID, int nCode, void* pExtra, AFX_CMDHANDLERINFO* pHandlerInfo);
      //}}AFX_VIRTUAL

      // Implementation
     public:
      virtual ~CMainFrame();
      #ifdef _DEBUG
       virtual void AssertValid() const;
       virtual void Dump(CDumpContext& dc) const;
      #endif
      CChildView m_wndView;

      // Generated message map functions
     protected:
     //{{AFX_MSG(CMainFrame)
      afx_msg void OnSetFocus(CWnd *pOldWnd);
      // NOTE - the ClassWizard will add and remove member functions here.
      // DO NOT EDIT what you see in these blocks of generated code!
     //}}AFX_MSG
     DECLARE_MESSAGE_MAP()
    };

      MainFrm.cpp文件

    IMPLEMENT_DYNAMIC(CMainFrame, CFrameWnd)

    BEGIN_MESSAGE_MAP(CMainFrame, CFrameWnd)
     //{{AFX_MSG_MAP(CMainFrame)
      // NOTE - the ClassWizard will add and remove mapping macros here.
      // DO NOT EDIT what you see in these blocks of generated code !
      ON_WM_SETFOCUS()
     //}}AFX_MSG_MAP
    END_MESSAGE_MAP()

    /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
    // CMainFrame construction/destruction

    CMainFrame::CMainFrame()
    {
     // TODO: add member initialization code here
    }

    CMainFrame::~CMainFrame()
    {}

    BOOL CMainFrame::PreCreateWindow(CREATESTRUCT& cs)
    {
     if( !CFrameWnd::PreCreateWindow(cs) )
      return FALSE;
      // TODO: Modify the Window class or styles here by modifying
      // the CREATESTRUCT cs

     cs.dwExStyle &= ~WS_EX_CLIENTEDGE;
     cs.lpszClass = AfxRegisterWndClass(0);
     return TRUE;
    }

      ChildView.h文件

    // CChildView window

    class CChildView : public CWnd
    {
     // Construction
     public:
      CChildView();

      // Attributes
     public:
      // Operations
     public:
      // Overrides
      // ClassWizard generated virtual function overrides
      //{{AFX_VIRTUAL(CChildView)
       protected:
        virtual BOOL PreCreateWindow(CREATESTRUCT& cs);
      //}}AFX_VIRTUAL

      // Implementation
     public:
      virtual ~CChildView();

      // Generated message map functions
     protected:
      //{{AFX_MSG(CChildView)
       afx_msg void OnPaint();
      //}}AFX_MSG
     DECLARE_MESSAGE_MAP()
    };

    ChildView.cpp文件
    // CChildView

    CChildView::CChildView()
    {}

    CChildView::~CChildView()
    {}

    BEGIN_MESSAGE_MAP(CChildView,CWnd )
    //{{AFX_MSG_MAP(CChildView)
    ON_WM_PAINT()
    //}}AFX_MSG_MAP
    END_MESSAGE_MAP()

    /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
    // CChildView message handlers

    BOOL CChildView::PreCreateWindow(CREATESTRUCT& cs) 
    {
     if (!CWnd::PreCreateWindow(cs))
      return FALSE;

     cs.dwExStyle |= WS_EX_CLIENTEDGE;
     cs.style &= ~WS_BORDER;
     cs.lpszClass = AfxRegisterWndClass(CS_HREDRAW|CS_VREDRAW|CS_DBLCLKS,::LoadCursor(NULL, IDC_ARROW),
    HBRUSH(COLOR_WINDOW+1),NULL);

     return TRUE;
    }

    void CChildView::OnPaint() 
    {
     CPaintDC dc(this); // device context for painting

     // TODO: Add your message handler code here
     // Do not call CWnd::OnPaint() for painting messages
    }

      文件MFCThread.h和MFCThread.cpp定義和實現的類CMFCThreadApp繼承自CWinApp類,而CWinApp類又繼承自CWinThread類(CWinThread類又繼承自CCmdTarget類),所以CMFCThread本質上是一個MFC線程類,下圖給出了相關的類層次結構:


    我們提取CWinApp類原型的一部分:

    class CWinApp : public CWinThread
    {
     DECLARE_DYNAMIC(CWinApp)
     public:
      // Constructor
      CWinApp(LPCTSTR lpszAppName = NULL);// default app name
      // Attributes
      // Startup args (do not change)
      HINSTANCE m_hInstance;
      HINSTANCE m_hPrevInstance;
      LPTSTR m_lpCmdLine;
      int m_nCmdShow;
      // Running args (can be changed in InitInstance)
      LPCTSTR m_pszAppName; // human readable name
      LPCTSTR m_pszExeName; // executable name (no spaces)
      LPCTSTR m_pszHelpFilePath; // default based on module path
      LPCTSTR m_pszProfileName; // default based on app name

      // Overridables
      virtual BOOL InitApplication();
      virtual BOOL InitInstance();
      virtual int ExitInstance(); // return app exit code
      virtual int Run();
      virtual BOOL OnIdle(LONG lCount); // return TRUE if more idle processing
      virtual LRESULT ProcessWndProcException(CException* e,const MSG* pMsg);

     public:
      virtual ~CWinApp();
     protected:
      DECLARE_MESSAGE_MAP()
    };

      SDK程序的WinMain 所完成的工作現在由CWinApp 的三個函數完成:

    virtual BOOL InitApplication();
    virtual BOOL InitInstance();
    virtual int Run();

      "CMFCThreadApp theApp;"語句定義的全局變量theApp是整個程式的application object,每一個MFC 應用程序都有一個。當我們執行MFCThread程序的時候,這個全局變量被構造。theApp 配置完成后,WinMain開始執行。但是程序中并沒有WinMain的代碼,它在哪里呢?原來MFC早已準備好并由Linker直接加到應用程序代碼中的,其原型為(存在于VC++6.0安裝目錄下提供的APPMODUL.CPP文件中):

    extern "C" int WINAPI
    _tWinMain(HINSTANCE hInstance, HINSTANCE hPrevInstance,
    LPTSTR lpCmdLine, int nCmdShow)
    {
     // call shared/exported WinMain
     return AfxWinMain(hInstance, hPrevInstance, lpCmdLine, nCmdShow);
    }

      其中調用的AfxWinMain如下(存在于VC++6.0安裝目錄下提供的WINMAIN.CPP文件中):

    int AFXAPI AfxWinMain(HINSTANCE hInstance, HINSTANCE hPrevInstance,
    LPTSTR lpCmdLine, int nCmdShow)
    {
     ASSERT(hPrevInstance == NULL);

     int nReturnCode = -1;
     CWinThread* pThread = AfxGetThread();
     CWinApp* pApp = AfxGetApp();

     // AFX internal initialization
     if (!AfxWinInit(hInstance, hPrevInstance, lpCmdLine, nCmdShow))
      goto InitFailure;

     // App global initializations (rare)
     if (pApp != NULL && !pApp->InitApplication())
      goto InitFailure;

     // Perform specific initializations
     if (!pThread->InitInstance())
     {
      if (pThread->m_pMainWnd != NULL)
      {
       TRACE0("Warning: Destroying non-NULL m_pMainWnd/n");
       pThread->m_pMainWnd->DestroyWindow();
      }
      nReturnCode = pThread->ExitInstance();
      goto InitFailure;
     }
     nReturnCode = pThread->Run();

     InitFailure:
     #ifdef _DEBUG
      // Check for missing AfxLockTempMap calls
      if (AfxGetModuleThreadState()->m_nTempMapLock != 0)
      {
       TRACE1("Warning: Temp map lock count non-zero (%ld)./n",
    AfxGetModuleThreadState()->m_nTempMapLock);
      }
      AfxLockTempMaps();
      AfxUnlockTempMaps(-1);
     #endif

     AfxWinTerm();
     return nReturnCode;
    }

      我們提取主干,實際上,這個函數做的事情主要是:

    CWinThread* pThread = AfxGetThread();
    CWinApp* pApp = AfxGetApp();
    AfxWinInit(hInstance, hPrevInstance, lpCmdLine, nCmdShow)
    pApp->InitApplication()
    pThread->InitInstance()
    pThread->Run();

      其中,InitApplication 是注冊窗口類別的場所;InitInstance是產生窗口并顯示窗口的場所;Run是提取并分派消息的場所。這樣,MFC就同WIN32 SDK程序對應起來了。CWinThread::Run是程序生命的"活水源頭"(侯捷:《深入淺出MFC》,函數存在于VC++ 6.0安裝目錄下提供的THRDCORE.CPP文件中):

    // main running routine until thread exits
    int CWinThread::Run()
    {
     ASSERT_VALID(this);

     // for tracking the idle time state
     BOOL bIdle = TRUE;
     LONG lIdleCount = 0;

     // acquire and dispatch messages until a WM_QUIT message is received.
     for (;;)
     {
      // phase1: check to see if we can do idle work
      while (bIdle && !::PeekMessage(&m_msgCur, NULL, NULL, NULL, PM_NOREMOVE))
      {
       // call OnIdle while in bIdle state
       if (!OnIdle(lIdleCount++))
        bIdle = FALSE; // assume "no idle" state
      }

      // phase2: pump messages while available
      do
      {
       // pump message, but quit on WM_QUIT
       if (!PumpMessage())
        return ExitInstance();

       // reset "no idle" state after pumping "normal" message
       if (IsIdleMessage(&m_msgCur))
       {
        bIdle = TRUE;
        lIdleCount = 0;
       }

      } while (::PeekMessage(&m_msgCur, NULL, NULL, NULL, PM_NOREMOVE));
     }
     ASSERT(FALSE); // not reachable
    }

      其中的PumpMessage函數又對應于:

    /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
    // CWinThread implementation helpers

    BOOL CWinThread::PumpMessage()
    {
     ASSERT_VALID(this);

     if (!::GetMessage(&m_msgCur, NULL, NULL, NULL))
     {
      return FALSE;
     }

     // process this message
     if(m_msgCur.message != WM_KICKIDLE && !PreTranslateMessage(&m_msgCur))
     {
      ::TranslateMessage(&m_msgCur);
      ::DispatchMessage(&m_msgCur);
     }
     return TRUE;
    }

      因此,忽略IDLE狀態,整個RUN的執行提取主干就是:

    do {
     ::GetMessage(&msg,...);
     PreTranslateMessage{&msg);
     ::TranslateMessage(&msg);
     ::DispatchMessage(&msg);
     ...
    } while (::PeekMessage(...));

      由此,我們建立了MFC消息獲取和派生機制與WIN32 SDK程序之間的對應關系。下面繼續分析MFC消息的"繞行"過程。

      在MFC中,只要是CWnd 衍生類別,就可以攔下任何Windows消息。與窗口無關的MFC類別(例如CDocument 和CWinApp)如果也想處理消息,必須衍生自CCmdTarget,并且只可能收到WM_COMMAND消息。所有能進行MESSAGE_MAP的類都繼承自CCmdTarget,如:

     

      MFC中MESSAGE_MAP的定義依賴于以下三個宏:

    DECLARE_MESSAGE_MAP()

    BEGIN_MESSAGE_MAP( 
     theClass, //Specifies the name of the class whose message map this is
     baseClass //Specifies the name of the base class of theClass
    )

    END_MESSAGE_MAP()

      我們程序中涉及到的有:MFCThread.h、MainFrm.h、ChildView.h文件

    DECLARE_MESSAGE_MAP()
    MFCThread.cpp文件
    BEGIN_MESSAGE_MAP(CMFCThreadApp, CWinApp)
    //{{AFX_MSG_MAP(CMFCThreadApp)
    ON_COMMAND(ID_APP_ABOUT, OnAppAbout)
    // NOTE - the ClassWizard will add and remove mapping macros here.
    // DO NOT EDIT what you see in these blocks of generated code!
    //}}AFX_MSG_MAP
    END_MESSAGE_MAP()
    MainFrm.cpp文件
    BEGIN_MESSAGE_MAP(CMainFrame, CFrameWnd)
    //{{AFX_MSG_MAP(CMainFrame)
    // NOTE - the ClassWizard will add and remove mapping macros here.
    // DO NOT EDIT what you see in these blocks of generated code !
    ON_WM_SETFOCUS()
    //}}AFX_MSG_MAP
    END_MESSAGE_MAP()
    ChildView.cpp文件
    BEGIN_MESSAGE_MAP(CChildView,CWnd )
    //{{AFX_MSG_MAP(CChildView)
    ON_WM_PAINT()
    //}}AFX_MSG_MAP
    END_MESSAGE_MAP()

      由這些宏,MFC建立了一個消息映射表(消息流動網),按照消息流動網匹配對應的消息處理函數,完成整個消息的"繞行"。

      看到這里相信你有這樣的疑問:程序定義了CWinApp類的theApp全局變量,可是從來沒有調用AfxBeginThread或theApp.CreateThread啟動線程呀,theApp對應的線程是怎么啟動的?

      答:MFC在這里用了很高明的一招。實際上,程序開始運行,第一個線程是由操作系統(OS)啟動的,在CWinApp的構造函數里,MFC將theApp"對應"向了這個線程,具體的實現是這樣的:

    CWinApp::CWinApp(LPCTSTR lpszAppName)
    {
     if (lpszAppName != NULL)
      m_pszAppName = _tcsdup(lpszAppName);
     else
      m_pszAppName = NULL;

     // initialize CWinThread state
     AFX_MODULE_STATE *pModuleState = _AFX_CMDTARGET_GETSTATE();
     AFX_MODULE_THREAD_STATE *pThreadState = pModuleState->m_thread;
     ASSERT(AfxGetThread() == NULL);
     pThreadState->m_pCurrentWinThread = this;
     ASSERT(AfxGetThread() == this);
     m_hThread = ::GetCurrentThread();
     m_nThreadID = ::GetCurrentThreadId();

     // initialize CWinApp state
     ASSERT(afxCurrentWinApp == NULL); // only one CWinApp object please
     pModuleState->m_pCurrentWinApp = this;
     ASSERT(AfxGetApp() == this);

     // in non-running state until WinMain
     m_hInstance = NULL;
     m_pszHelpFilePath = NULL;
     m_pszProfileName = NULL;
     m_pszRegistryKey = NULL;
     m_pszExeName = NULL;
     m_pRecentFileList = NULL;
     m_pDocManager = NULL;
     m_atomApp = m_atomSystemTopic = NULL; //微軟懶鬼?或者他認為 
     //這樣連等含義更明確?
     m_lpCmdLine = NULL;
     m_pCmdInfo = NULL;

     // initialize wait cursor state
     m_nWaitCursorCount = 0;
     m_hcurWaitCursorRestore = NULL;

     // initialize current printer state
     m_hDevMode = NULL;
     m_hDevNames = NULL;
     m_nNumPreviewPages = 0; // not specified (defaults to 1)

     // initialize DAO state
     m_lpfnDaoTerm = NULL; // will be set if AfxDaoInit called

     // other initialization
     m_bHelpMode = FALSE;
     m_nSafetyPoolSize = 512; // default size
    }

      很顯然,theApp成員變量都被賦予OS啟動的這個當前線程相關的值,如代碼:

    m_hThread = ::GetCurrentThread();//theApp的線程句柄等于當前線程句柄 
    m_nThreadID = ::GetCurrentThreadId();//theApp的線程ID等于當前線程ID

      所以CWinApp類幾乎只是為MFC程序的第一個線程量身定制的,它不需要也不能被AfxBeginThread或theApp.CreateThread"再次"啟動。這就是CWinApp類和theApp全局變量的內涵!如果你要再增加一個UI線程,不要繼承類CWinApp,而應繼承類CWinThread。而參考第1節,由于我們一般以主線程(在MFC程序里實際上就是OS啟動的第一個線程)處理所有窗口的消息,所以我們幾乎沒有再啟動UI線程的需求


    本文來自CSDN博客,轉載請標明出處:http://blog.csdn.net/fairy_study/archive/2010/05/16/5596453.aspx

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