睿豐德科技 專注RFID識別技術和條碼識別技術與管理軟件的集成項目。質量追溯系統、MES系統、金蝶與條碼系統對接、用友與條碼系統對接 （聲明：Alberl以后說到開源庫，一般都是指著名的、或者不著名但維護至少3年以上的。那些把代碼一扔就沒下文的，Alberl不稱之為開源庫，只稱為開源代碼。這里并不是貶低，像Alberl前面那個系列的教程《2013 duilib入門簡明教程》，還有本系列教程，還有前面介紹的CodeProject，基本上都是代碼往上面一扔，就不用再怎么維護的。這些都稱之為開源代碼，其實開源代碼對新手的幫助更大，因為很簡明的說明了代碼用法~O(∩_∩)O~）       前面兩個教程已經對制作界面的幾種方式進行了比較，權威界面庫已經比較過了，那么接下來就是上一個教程介紹的那三種方式。     而上一個教程已經說的很明確了，用那三種必須得依靠開源庫！（或者像騰訊這樣有實力的公司自己開發）         C++相對于Java和C#而言，確實有點悲催。C#有強大的微軟做后盾，Java也是被Sun養大，而C和C++由貝爾實驗室發明，畢竟C++只是貝爾實驗室中很普通的一項發明，并且C++的最大受益者也不是貝爾實驗室，從C++ 03 到C++ 2011隔了8年時間，顯然沒有Java和C#及時，畢竟他們都是公司運作，并且是公司中很重要的成員。而C++的推動就只能靠開源社區啦，boost是最大的貢獻者啦，然后就是linux社區、Apache等公司，再接著就是各種開源庫的作者啦。     沒有公司的運作，顯然很多方面都比不上Java和C#。比如C#有個很著名的NOPI，操作Office毫無壓力，而C++就只有幾個沒人維護的庫，還不如用微軟的COM接口。java有個很著名的JFreeChart，顯示各種曲線圖表都夠了，但C++就沒有，只有Codeproject上面有幾個，不過還是達不到要求，但是商業的曲線庫老板又不會買，就苦了我等碼農了。Office還好，微軟的接口一向好用，在現有開源代碼的基礎上，花個把星期就可以封裝個很不錯的庫。而曲線圖表這個東東不像按鈕控件，真的很難做，難做的不是畫圖，而是各種曲線的管理，和各種效果功能的實現，細節問題一大堆，而C#和Java卻不會遇到這種常用控件還要開發的問題。 這只是其中的兩個例子而已，Alberl平時查資料的時候，也發現了C++的很多不給力（主要體現在界面方向，邏輯方向倒是非常給力），因為C++本來就只是邏輯處理，連多線程都沒有，界面就更別提了，而C#和Java都是一整套開發框架，所以非常省事。注意啦，這里不是勸大家不要用C++，而是說C++真的需要做很多事情。對C++開源庫的牢騷完畢^_^       還記得第二個教程給出了數十款播放器的對比嗎？ 同樣有NB的老外給C++的界面庫也做了詳細對比，同樣也有上百種~O(∩_∩)O~     下面請看正文（格式支持不好，推薦看原文。可能很少小伙伴會看完，不過最后面有Alberl的分析哦~）：             原文鏈接：http://www.free-soft.org/guitool/

The GUI Toolkit, Framework Page

User interfaces occupy an important part of software development. This page provides a comprehensive reference on toolkits for building graphical user interfaces (GUIs), with emphasis on resources for Free Software (Open Source). This page focuses on personal computers but also references some offerings for embedded products.
Note to people using the geocities.com site: if you see the site down due to bandwidth limit being exceeded, please consider using the other site listed below 

GUI Toolkit developers: please let me know of news/changes to your projects/products so I can update this page accordingly.

This page resides in http://www.geocities.com/SiliconValley/Vista/7184/guitool.html and 
http://www.atai.org/guitool/

Page created April 17, 1997 (86). recent changes

Thanks to Alejandro de Garate for improving the layout of this page .© Copyright 1997-2003, 2005 ( ROC Years 86-92, 94,96), by Li-Cheng (Andy) Tai. See copyright for details. Last updated  May 13, 2007 (96)

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Free toolkits: C/C++ Java other languages    | commercial toolkits: C/C++ Java   | Related links   | copyright

GPL: GNU General Public License 
LGPL:GNU Library/Lesser General Public License 
PD: Public Domain 
BSD: BSD or X11-like license (commonly allowing you todo whatever you want provided the original copyright notice is kept and credit given)
Art: The Perl Artistic License 
MPL: Mozilla Public License

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Free Toolkits (including both Free (in the GNU sense) and no-cost ones)

C/C++ oriented

(unless explicit stated with "C API", all toolkits in this table provide APIs in C++) 
  
   Name Comments license Unix X11⁺ UnixX11⁺Motif MS Win 95/98 MS Win NT/2000/
XP/Vista MS Win 3.1 OS/2 PM MacOS NextStepOpenStep 
MacOS X other platforms AbiWord 's cross platform layer cross-platform framework
in C++
see interesting development methodology for more info
Unix version built on gtk+ GPL y    y  y        y  QNX and BeOS AbsoluteX n open source free class library primarily developed for use with X Window System. Uses libsigc++. LGPL y                 aedGUI
a cross-plataform, easy-to-use, non-intrusive C++ GUI library that runs on top of SDL 
LGPL (via SDL) (viaSDL) (via SDL) (via SDL) (viaSDL) (via SDL) (via SDL) (via SDL) (via SDL) Agar
a high-level graphical C application framework aimed primarly at 2D/3D games and simulations. Agar applications are portable to a variety of platforms thanks to theSDL.support for SDL 2D and OpenGLrendering. Thread safe BSD
y (via SDL) (viaSDL) y (via SDL) y (via SDL) (viaSDL) (via SDL) y (viaSDL) y (via SDL) other platforms supported by SDL Amiga Foundation Class  aims to support Amiga and X11 art ?               Amiga (?) AlfaGUI a small GUI library for DOS, useful for embedded applications   y               DOS 16/32 bit Amulet 
OpenAmulet( discounted?) research-oriented toolkit from CMU. native look andfeel. High-level support for interactive interfaces: Direct Manipulation Behaviors, Undo, Animation, etc. original project at CMU completed and Nolonger supported. However, another group has picked up development as OpenAmulet. PD y   y y     y     Andrew research system from CMU. C and C++ API. BSD y                 Bakery a C++ Framework for creating GNOMEapplications using Gnome-- and 
     Gtk--. LGPL y                 Berlin
Fresco (new)
a totally new window system for Unix/Linux that alsoincludes high level APIs for GUI programming.  Very experimental asit buids upon  OpenGL and CORBA.  Successor ofFresco andOffix. Also listed as an alternative windowing system

Berlin renamed to Fresco in 2002, taking on the name of the old GUI toolkit Fresco
LGPL                    BGUI GUI library for Amiga.based on BOOPS. C API. freely distributable                 Amiga CG(link broken?) GUI toolkit of the Arachne project BSD y   y y     y     CLX (Component Library for Cross-platform)Cross-platform library for, and part of, Delphi,Kylix and CBuilder - Based on 
top of Qt, Linux only GPL y                 Coral (ctGUI) very powerful and complete advanced application framework with strong GUI components.  Advanced functionalities for non-GUI tasks like networking, shared memory, etc. Art y   y y         Amiga (old versions)
C++/Tk, cpptk C++ interface to the Tk library tries to provide not only the Tk functionality, but also its wayof writing code, based on the syntax used in Tcl/Tk. BSD y   y y       y(?)   CroPL
a C++ application framework and utility library for single-source Mac/Windows applications
non-profit use only
 
 
y
y
 
 
y
y
  Cvo   BSD y                 CX an "UI utility with themes support." just begin. LGPL y                 DCLAP bare-bone application framework. Nolonger developed and maintained for 3 years already noncommercial only   y y y y   y     EasyGTK (link broken?)  EasyGTK is a wrapper library to make GTK programmingeasier, and quicker GPL y                 Epeios Collection of general purposes libraries essentially coded in C++ and working under UNIX and Windows. containing GUI library GPL y   y y           ET++  project is completed. successor is MET++. BSD y(?) y(?)               EZWGL C API. motif look and feel. LGPL y                 Fltk The Fast Light Tool Kit. API modeled afterXform,but in C++. SGI Motif look and feel. good documentation.( Fluid, an UI builder) LGPL with additional permissions y   y y    y  y  y Microwindows/NanoGUI/Nano-X FOX C++-based toolkit on top of XLib. MS Win 95 look.under development LGPL with additional permissions y   y   y y         Fresco (old)

also see Berlin as the new Fresco
Advanced research toolkit formly supported by theX Consortium but now independently developed. Successor to Interviews.( alt. page)( Java version) 
( another info page) 
development stopped,  succeeded by Berlin BSD y   y y     y     GEM The old GUI environment for MSDOS and Atari ST (about1985), now free  software GPL                 MS-DOS and Atari ST GEM++ C++ classes for GEM programming, for Atari ST. LGPL                   GINA  a research project, is completed. (ftp)     y               GLOW "a cross-platform object-oriented framework for building interactive applications usingOpenGL or similar APIs such as Mesa. It is, at its heart, an C++ wrapper for GLUT, providing a fully object-oriented API for creating windows, menus and other GUI elements, and for event handling. GLOW also features an extensible cross-platform widget library for building powerful user interfaces."Note:Thusportable to any platform where a functional OpenGL implementation exists(including Mesa ) LGPL note note note note note note note note note GLUI An OpenGL /GLUT-basedGUI toolkit.   Rendering is done entirely in OpenGL. Win 95 lookand feel.  Note: Thusportable to any platform where a functional OpenGL implementation exists(including Mesa ) LGPL note note note note note note note note note GNOME (libs) the GNOME desktop also servesas an application framework, C API. Requirers gtk+ LGPL y                 GNUstep envolving NextStep/OpenStep clone. C/Objective CAPI. Version 0.6.6 just released LGPL  y                 gnewt a gtk+-based toolkit for writing simple user interfaces LGPL y                 grafix a library for "drawing pictures, functions or othergraphic objects in an interactive manner" or simple graphical user interfaceconstruction" with emphasis on visualization, not UI GPL y                 GraphAPP C API. a small toolkit for teaching. ? y y ? ? y         gtk+ The GIMP Toolkit.developed as part of theGIMP project. Now at version 2.2. C API. ISthe leading toolkit in the free software community in conjuction with Qt. variable  look and feel (default:Motif).  
(ftp) (mailing list) ( gtk--,a C++ wrapper)(Gtkkitand Gtoolkit , ObjectC wrappers) (wxGTK, WxWindows port to gtk+ (C++ API)) (gtkv,Vport to gtk+ (C++ API)) 
(VDK , SDPGTK, Inti, other C++ wrappers) 
glade, grad, epingle,UI builders for gtk+ and gtk-- 
libglade , a library for gtk/ GNOME  allowing GUI built at run time from specifications in configuration files in XML format, without the need to recompile program  LGPL y   y y        in progress BeOS , Linux console, DirectFB gtkmm (gtk--)
gnomemm (gnome--) complete C++ wrapper for gtk+ and GNOME. Uses modern C++ features (templates, etc.) for type-safe callbacks and signal/slots withlibsigc++ . glade--,GUI builders for gtk-- 
related: gnomemm, c++ bindings for GNOME LGPL y                 GuiToolkit
"a class set which allow You to build applications with new Microsoft interface style .It includes more than 50 of MFC classes"
no cost use
 
 
y
y
 
 
 
 
 
Harmony attempts to create a Qt clone witha true Free Software license.  Development is halted.  LGPL unfinished                 Hv C API. ?   y               Interviews 
ivtools   Ivtoolsis an actively maintained and envolved version of Interviews, formerly by VectaportIvtool apps can be embedded inside Motif and Xt canvas. Ivrools contains an application framework, a GUI widget framework, Acommand interpreter , drawing editor application framework,  command interpreter into the drawing editor and graph/network application 
Interviews (ftp) was  
an early advanced toolkit whose development stopped around  1993. conceptual successor is  Fresco. BSD y                 Inti a set of integrated foundation libraries for developingC++ applications on UNIX-like systems such as Linux, including C++ wrapper for gtk+.(2.0 only) new developer, now in version 1.0 beta. LGPL y                 IUP ANSI C, native controls, custom contros, abstract layout, only a few functions, Lua Scripting  freely distributable    y  y  y            IBTK a small, "basic self-contained no-frills toolkitto create platform-independent GUI software (in C++) GPL y                 JAPI Written in 
JAVA and C,  provides the JAVA AWT Toolkit to non object oriented Languages like C, Fortran, Pascal, Ada and even Basic LGPL y y y y           JUCE an all-encompassing C++ class library for developing cross-platform applications GPL     y y       y   KaiView stalled in favor of the LIP . recently resumed ? y                 KDE(libs) KDE desktop  also serves as anapplication framework. Requires Qt LGPL y                 LessTif an envolving Motif 1.2 clone. getting close to becomea complete Motif substitution. C API. LGPL y                 LGI (Lightweight GUI Interface) also for BeOS
"a small enough library that one person can understand it all." LGPL y    y y         BeOS libgui C API. BSD y                 libgx
a lightweight, non-intrusive, public-domain C++ widget library for writing X11 applications public domain
y
                libsx "the Simple X library -- is a lightweight wrapperlibrary sitting on top of the Athena Widget set." C API LGPL y                 LIP Linux Interface Project. still under development, in the beginning stage. development stalled? LGPL(?) 
Art(?) y                 MacAPP Apple 's Mac framework, probably the first widely available GUI framework.   No longer supported by Apple but third party development at http://www.clubmacapp.com/ MacAPP license     y (unfinished) y (unfinished)     y y   Marx C API. the GUI toolkit is part of a C-like scriptlanguage for quickly building GUIs, although also usable from compiled C. Motif look and feel. GPL y                 MacZoop
C++ API. Framework on top of Carbon API.
MacZoop license
            y
y
  MET++ "an object-oriented application framework .... providingreusable objects for 2D graphics, user interface components, 3D graphics,video, audio, and music." based on ET++. ? y   ? y(?)     y(?)     MGUI C API. ? y   y y y         Microwindows a small windowing system providing Win32 and X11API, targetting embedded systems. C API MPL, GPL y               MS-DOS, Linux framebuffer, RTEMS, Linux SVGAlib MiniGUI " a compact Graphics User Interface (GUI) support system for Linux. MiniGUI defines some Win32-like APIs for the applications. The goal of MiniGUI is keeping its features of small and exquisiteness to provide a small windowing system support library." LGPL y               Linux framebuffer, Linux SVGAlib and libCGI (Motif) 
OpenMotif The real Motif, the traditional standard Unix X11 toolkit, now moving toward free/open source software.  C API. OpenGroup Public License(free for free/open source unices only) y native               Motif++ C++ wrapper for motif. ?   y               notif written in object-oriented C.  C API. Motiflook and feel. ( announcement) GPL y                 NGL, NUI NGL is an application framework intended to work with SGI's OpenGL* API. NUI is a cross-platform C++ GUI programming framework for OpenGL applications built on top of the NGL  LGPL
y note note y note y note note note y note y note note NWS distributed as part of Pavuk.C API. GPL y                 OPaC(link broken?) "a highly portable user interface toolkit with dynamicedition." look and feel and behavior are adjustable/editable at run time "OPaCFree Public License"  unfinished (?)   y y   unfinished unfinished     OpenOffice(as an GUI application framework ) possibly modern forms of StarView?containing a complete application framework and GUI library as the basis of an office suite, including low level GUI toolkit (VCL),application framework, graphics applications services GPL/LGPL/SISSL y   y  y           Offix a very rich C++ interactive application API withclasses for X11 windows, images, events, clipboards, inter-application communications, styles for look and feel, layout management and drag anddrop.  Also has classes for Unix system services. Open Look and Motiflook and feel. In alpha  release. No longerdeveloped, work merged into Berlin LGPL y                 OpenGUI a small  graphics  &   windowing library  built  upon a  fast,    low-level  x86 asm  graphics  kernel. Windows 95 look and feel LGPL                 Linux console, MS-DOSDJDPP, QNX ParaGUI a high-level crossplatform application framework and GUI library. It is completely based on the SimpleDirectMedia Layer (SDL). Works on any environment where SDL exists. LGPL y (via SDL)   y (via SDL) y (via SDL)     y (viaSDL)     PicoGUI 
"a new Graphical User Interface architecture designed with embedded systems in mind. ... includes low-level graphics and input, widgets, themeing, layout, font rendering, network transparency, and debugging features." Also can be an alternative windowing system (when running on framebuffers) GPL/LGPL
y (native or via SDL)   y  y          y (via SDL) Linux frame buffer, numerous embedded devices (see this list)
Pingo a C++ class library and framework for X Window Systemwith OSF/MOTIF look-and-feel. API is similar to the Java AWT API. LGPL   y               Qt a high-quality framework. hasadvanced features not present in other toolkits, such a full 2d graphics API (with rotations, scaling, shearing, etc.), metafile support, same code for screen and printer output. variable look and feel (default:Motif or Win95). at version 4
KDevelop , EBuilder, Qt Architect ,QtDesigner and QtEZ, UI buildersfor Qt
Qwt, additional GUI components for Qt for scientific appl

(see this link for info on integration withMotif)
Qt Free Edition license (1.x series, X11 versiion)  
QPL( Qt 2.x series, X11 version) 
QPL and GPL(Qt 2.2 and later, X11 version) 
(Windows  and MacOS  X) (GPLed)
y (QPL and GPL)   y (GPLed) y (GPLed)      y(GPLed)     Qt/Embedded: for the Linux frame buffer without X. SmartWin a small sized, extremely type safe, no overhead what so ever, fully template based C++ GUI library for Windows API (formerly known as Win 32 API). GPL plus additional permissions     y (?) y           STDWIN C API. No longer supported. ? y           y     SUIT Simple User Interface Toolkit. C API. ?  y       y   y     Taronja
information in Spanish... no English info available.
BSD
y (?)
            ?
  Tk good widget set but not frequently used as a pure C library. Widely used in combination with high-level script languages (Tcl, Scheme,Python, Perl,etc.). C API. Native look and feel. BSD y   y y y   y  y   TOAD in early stage, still alpha LGPL y                 Trixul
Trixul is an XML and JavaScript GUI toolkit that supports MacOS X, Linux, and Windows environments directly via Cocoa, Gtk+, and .NET native implementations. JavaScript code can call C++ directly. BSD
y (on top ofgtk+)
 
 
y (on top of .Net Forms)
 
 
 
y
  TWIN/The 
   Willows 
   Toolkit implementation of MS Windows API on other platforms.C API. LGPL y   native native  native   y     Ultimate++ C++ toolkit that "achieves significant reduction of code complexity for most applications when compared to other development platforms" BSD y   y y           V Common C++ wrapper for many platforms. a good "competitor"of WxWidfgets.native look and feel.  ( gtkv, gtk+ port of V) LGPL y y y y y y        VDK "Visual Development Kit", a C++ wrapper forgtk+ ( VDK Builder, a RAD tool for VDK) LGPL y                 Vibrant (NCBI Toolkit) part of National Center for Biotechnology Informationsoftware development toolkit, a multi-platform user interface developmentlibrary that automatically handles the behavior of GUI objects, with callbacksto programs     y y(?) y(?) y(?)   y     (TheHungry) ViewKit  a clone of the SGI (ICS) Viewkit.Currently not being developed. LGPL(?) (in the future with lesstif) y               ViewKit (ICS) C++ framework for Motif.  Freely available for Linux Only. no-cost (for Linux only)   y               VCF 
Visual Component Framework, "a simple to use cross platform GUI framework, with many of the advanced design features of Java and Java's Swing, and Borland's Visual Component Library.Also provides advanced RTTI/Introspection features common in languages like Object Pascal, Objective C, Smalltalk, and Java, but not typically found in C++" BSD
in development
 
y
y 
 
 
 
in development
  VXCL The Virtual X Class Library. API strongly linked to the Win32 API. LGPL    y  y y y         VxLib Visual Text Library, a "character cell"-based librarylike text mode but displayed in a X window GPL  y                 Wafe "Wafe (Widget[Athena]front end) is a package thatimplements a symbolic, string based interface based on Tcl to the X Toolkit, the Athena Widget Set , Motif and various complementary widget classes and extension packages. " C API. BSD y y               wGui

a simple, platform independent dialog manager library using

SDL 
LGPL (via SDL) (viaSDL) (via SDL) (via SDL) (viaSDL) (via SDL) (via SDL) (via SDL) (via SDL) Whisper "general purpose Mac/Win32 C++ application framework. successor to the Mac framework Raven.  
is a modern framework that takes advantage of templates, multiple inheritance, STL, and exceptions. is designed around the notionofDesign by Contract and includes numerous debugging tools." BSD     y y y   y     WideStudio an IDE with an original windowing library and visual window editor and a rich set of development facilities BSD y   y y       y   Wine "a free implementation of Windows (API) on Unix" On Intel x86 PCs only, can be used to port Windows programs to X11 LGPL y (Intel x86 PC only)   native  native native y       WIRP "Windows Interface Reduced Programming is a libraryof c routines for simple, platform independent GUI programming." C API.  ? y                 WWL( ?) C++ classes around X widgets. ? y(?) y(?)               WxWidgets (formerly wxWindows) Common C++ wrapper for many platforms. version 2,.4  just released. native look and feel. good cross-platform support.(Wxxt, X Toolkit port) 
( WxGTK, gtk+ port) BSD(version1.x only) 
LGPL ( wxxt1.6xonly) 
WxWidgets license (version 3.0, actually LGPL plus exceptions) y y y y y y y y also on top of MicroWindows, and MGL 
Xarm a C++ wrapper for Motif. LGPL   y               X|Front "a C++ library providing an object-oriented interfaceto X11R5 Xlib" BSD y                 xclasses "the X11 layout library." details available in Germanonly  
note another toolkit has the samename LGPL ?                 xclasses, xclass95 developed in conjuction with thefvwm95window manager. MS-Win 95 look and feel. 
note another toolkit has the samename LGPL y                 XForms a toolkit distributed in binary form only. C API. (fdesign,a UI builder) X Forms license y                 Xm++ (?) C++ classes for Motif and X11 Athena widgets ? y y               Xmt (Motif Tools),Xmt++ "Xmt is a Motif Tools library. The Xmt Motif Tools library provides developers of user interfaces tools that make Motif easier to use. Xmt consists of the core library of additional widgets, utility programs, docs, tutorials, and example code." C API. Supports rapid prototyping, GUI story boarding. 
"Xmt++ is to provide a C++ Model-View-Controller framework implementation based on Xmt. This framework makes it easier to integrate a Motif GUI to an application and maintain design integrity."  BSD y                 XPIP C API BSD y                 XPToolkit (Xpfe) cross-platform, toolkit for Mozilla."An open source SDK for building common cross-platform user interfaces usingexisting cross-platform 
standards (e.g., XML, RDF, HTML, CSS, DOM, JavaScript) and technologies (e.g., Gecko, XPConnect) to minimize 
platform-specific code." May built on top ofgtk+ and Xt for X11 MPL/GPL/LGPL y (Xt, gtk) ? y y y  y y  y  BeOS XView the Open Look widget set. C API. no longer supportedby Sun in favor of Motif.   y                 YACL (link broken?)
native look and feel BSD   y y y y y       YAAF Yet Another Application Framwork,  with fairlycomplete  GUI classes and good cross-platform support BSD y   y y     y     yzone a set of universal cross-platform libraries for creationof the graphical modular applications for any UNIX or Microsoft Windowsplatform. C API LGPL y   y y           Zinc  well stablished, cross-platform 
 framework. supports 24 platforms  (including MS DOS and Unix text mode)  desktop use only (not for  embedded applications)   y y y y y      MS-DOS, VxWorks, pSOS Zoolib "Zoolib provides a GUI toolkit with a uniquely flexible layout system. It also provides a single-file database format, TCP networking, and extensive debugging support. ZooLib applications are multithreaded. ZooLib requires only minimal support from the underlying OS and platform GUI layer, and thus could be ported to a completely new platform without too much difficulty" BSD y   y y     y  y BeOS Zune Amiga MUI clone for X11 LGPL y                 Name Comments license Unix X11 ⁺ UnixX11 ⁺Motif MS Win 95/98 MS Win NT/2000/
XP/Vista
MS Win 3.1 OS/2 PM MacOS NextStepOpenStep
MacOS X other platforms(⁺X11 has been ported to OS/2 so theoretically X-based toolkits work in OS/2 X11 as well. see Xfree86/OS2)

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Java oriented

• Biss-AWT (GPL-like license)
• SAWT
• GWT (Gadget Windowing toolkit), licensed under LGPL,from DTAI Inc. (nolonger available?)
• Koala Toolkit (license)
• SubArctic,not an AWT clone but a toolkit based on advanced research (license)
• FrescoJavaport (only supports Java 1.0.2)
• Mica,  from SoftwareFarm ( license)
• Marimba's FreeBongo
• dog.gui ,a lightweight, high-performance Java GUI toolkit which can serve as a replacement for the AWT (license: MozillaPublic License)
• SWANK,a GUI toolkit implemented in Java, to be used with Jacl, a Tcl intrepreterin Java (BSD-style license)
• JAPI, a non-OO, procedural toolkit built on top of AWT, and accessible from Pascal, C and Fortran, for Windows and Unix
• Epeios,  for Unix and Windows, GPLed.
• SWT, The Standard Widget Toolkit, part of Eclipse project, for Windows, Mac, QNX and Unix (Motif, gtk and Qt) (CPL license)
• Buoy, a "transparent wrapper" around Swing
• XUI, a toolkit for building Java applications with Java and XML, release under an MPL like license.
• java-gnome, GNOME Java binding (LGPL)
  
• QtJava, Qt Java binding (GPL)
  
• wx4J, wxWidgets Java binding (BSD-style license)
  

Ada

• GtkAda , Ada binding for gtk+,for X11 and Windows ( GPLed plus exceptions )
• X11Ada ,X11 and Motif bindings forAda
• VisualAda Developer, RAD environment for Ada
• GWindows , GUI framework for Ada on Windows  (GPL/LGPLplus exceptions )
• Windex, Ada wrapper for the Win32 API ( GPLplus exceptions)
• JEWL, Simple GUI framework for rapid development of GUI programs ( GPL)
• Claw, Ada framework for the Windows  API, demo version
• JAPI,binding for Java AWT (LGPLed)

• RAPID, Rapid Ada Portable Interface Design tool,. generates Ada code using a platform independent GUI library. (Current implementations utilize the TASHbinding to Tcl/Tk, the GNAT to JVM compiler, the Microsoft .NET framework, or GtkAd)

BASIC

• wxBasic, a BASIC interpreter with bindings for WxWidfgets (LGPLed)
• JAPI,binding for Java AWT (LGPLed)

LISP

• Garnet, GUI development environment for Common Lisp. No longer supported.
• XIT
• Winterp, a  rapid development tool for GUI applications with a small object-orientedLISP interpreter ( XLisp-Plus) (BSD-stylelicense)
• Newlisp includes Tk binding (GPLed)

Tcl

• Tk,the standard widget set for Tcl, for X11, MS Windows, and MacOS.
• itcl ([incrTcl]), with itk ([incrTk]) and [ incr Widgets] ,object-oriented extension to the Tcl language and associated mega-widgetset and GUI framework.
• BLT extensionto the Tk toolkit.
• Tix, the Tk InterfaceExtension.
• TclMotif, Motif binding for Tcl.
• BWidgets ,"a professional look&feel Toolkit.  Everything is native so noplatform compilation, no compiled extension library needed. In Pure Tcl/Tk.For Unix, Windows and Mac."  ( LGPLed)
• Tcl-gtk , gtk+ binding for Tcl
• PicoGUI

Pascal

• EFLIB, "extended function library"
• Free Pascal's gtk+bindings
• BlackBox Component Framework, successor to Oberon/F, using Component Pascal, for Win32 and Mac ( free for education use only)
• WOL, Framework for windowed programming under Windows and Linux (GTK) with Free Pascal. (GPLed)
• JAPI,binding for Java AWT (LGPLed)
• Lazarus, (LCL or Lazarus Class Libraries) the class libraries for Free Pascal that emulate Delphi, currently built on top og gtk+ (LGPLed)

Modula 2

• Dialog Machine and RAMSES (Research Aids for Modeling and Simulation of Environment Systems) "providesthe basis for highly portable programming of interactive applications,since it makes a minimum of assumptions on the properties of the underlyingoperating system and the hardware", available for MacOS, Atari ST (GEM),PC (GEM, MS Windows, Windows NT) and Unix (SUN and IBM RISC). RAMSES is Mac only. Both no cost freeware.

Perl

• XForms4Perl ,XFormsperl binding.
• pTk,perl/Tk, tkPerl, Tk binding for Perl.
• PerlQt, perl bindings for Qt . (LGPLed)
• Perl bindings for gtk+
• plFLTK , Perl bindingsfor Fltk (LGPLed) (discounted)
  
• FLTK.pm, Perl bindings for Fltk version 2
  
• wxperl,WxWidfgets Perl binding
• Prima, "an extensible Perl toolkit for multi-platform GUI development. Supported platforms include Linux, Windows NT/9x/2K, OS/2, and UNIX/X11 workstations" (BSDed)
• PicoGUI

Python

• Tkinter, Tk-based GUI toolkit for Python, part of standard of Python distribution. Tk-based Additions, bindings under Pythin:
  • Pmw (Python MegaWidgets) (also extra contributions)
  • TIDE (Tix)
• Rivet,Tk binding for Python
• wxPython , WxWidfgets Python binding
• vkApp,a Python GUI application framework, and PythonX Extension, Python interface to X11 and Motif.
• WPY, a MFC-based GUI class library for Python, for MS Win95/NT and Unix/X11 using Tk.
• Python-Gtk andpygtk (gnome-python) ,Python bindings for gtk+andGNOME
• pyFLTK , Python bindingfor Fltk  (LGPLed)
• FXPy, Python binding for FOX (LGPLed)
• Python X Library, X11 client-side API implemented purely in Python (GPLed)
• PicoGUI
• pyQT, Qt binding for Pytbon
• PyKDE,Python bindings for KDE
• pygame, SDL binding
• Jython provides access to Java GUI facilities
• JTKinter, port of tk to Jython
• JPI Java Python Interface (project dead)

Javascript

• Vexi written in Java, Vexi applications are written in a combination of XML and JavaScript  (core GPLed, widgets LGPLed)
  

Scheme (including Guile)

• MrED,a WxWindows -based toolkit for scheme, for X11,MS Win95/NT, and MacOS
• STk,a scheme interpreter with access to Tk
• guile-gtk,Guile bindings for gtk+ (GPLed)
• guile-fltk, Guile binding for Fltk (LGPLed)

Oberon

• Visual Oberon, a collection of GUI classes for Oberon-2, for X11 ( GPLed).

Smalltalk

• Squeak, an advanced SmallTalk environment (including GUI support natively) (license)

Prolog

• XPCE (GPLed ), for SWI-Prolog

S-Lang

• slgtk, S-lang binding for gtk+

Pike

• PiGTK,Pike's gtk+ and GNOME bindings (GPLed)

Lua

• lua-gtk and lua-gnome , Lua's gtk+ and GNOME  bindings
• lua-FLTK, Lua FLTK binding
• wxLua, WxWindows binding for Lua
• tkLua, tk binding
• IUP (Portable User Interface), a highly portable toolkit for Lua and C, for Windows and X11/Motif.

Others

• CoderForm, a presentation and layout manager for .NET desktop applications, allowing creating the GUI from any .Net language
  

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Commercial Toolkits

C/C++ oriented

   Name  Comments Unix X11 Unix X11Motif MS Win 95/98 MS Win NT/2000/
XP/Vista
MS Win 3.1 OS/2 PM MacOS NextSTEPOpenSTEP
MacOS X Amiga MFC Microsoft Foundation Class library. probably themost dominant toolkit today  y (3rd party,MainWin) y (3rd party,Bristol) y y y   y (add-on)     OWL Borland Object Windows Library. once the king before MFC comes... ( OWL resources )     y y y  ? ?     VCL Visual Component Library, Borland/Inprise's curent-generation GUI class library     y y           CLX (Component Library for Cross-platform) Cross-platform library for Delphi , Kylix and CBuilder - Based on topof Qt, works on Win32 and GNU/Linux (x86) y
  y
y
          ClassAct                   y CPLAT a C++ framework for Mac and Windows y    y y y(?)   y     CroPL
a C++ application framework and utility library for single-source Mac/Windows applications
 
 
y
y
 
 
y
y
  Framework rich DOS-based business application development environment, orginated from Ashton-Tate's Framework product, with FRED. Object-Function-Based, Text-Aware, rapid application development Language                   Galaxy  well established, cross-platform framework  
( companyout of business)   y y y y y y     ILOGViews well established, cross-platform framework. commercialproduct with capabilities similar to Interviews y y y y y y       JX a full-featured C++ application framework and widget library (SDK) for use with the X Window System y                 Latitude (product dropped?) MacOS API on Unix and Mac OS X (OpenStep) y           native y   MacAPP Apple 's Mac framework, probably the first widely available GUI framework.   No longer supported by Apple but third party development at http://www.clubmacapp.com/     y (unfinished) y (unfinished)     y y   MainWin/XDE MS Win API on X11. y    native  native  native         MUI "Magic User Interface", popular in Amigacommunity                 y NoWait a shareware GUI Application framework.     y y y y       ObjectViews(product dropped?) commercial version of Interviews, OpenLook or Motif look and feel, switchable on the fly y    unfinished  unfinished           OpenClass from IBM/Taligentfor IBM VisualAge for C++, also supports OS/400   y (AIX and Sun Solaris only) y  y    y           Presenter (OpenInterface Element) full-featured, strong international language support, high performance GUI, rich widget set, supported worldwide y y y y y     y       OpenStep (Cocoa) Apple's application API for developing Mac OS X applicationsworking on different platforms     y (?) y (?)    y (?)   native   OpenUI really a User Interface Management System   y y y y y y     PowerPlant  included with Metrowerk's Mac OS compilers.     y  y      y     Qt an advanced, high quality toolkit. free/open source license available..Version 3 released. y   y y y    see Mac OS X y   SansGUI An object-oriented modeling and simulation environment for 
developing and deploying scientific and engineering 
applications 
without writing any GUI code. Support Visual C++ and Compaq Visual Fortran.     y y           SL-GMS specialized framework for dynamic graphics for monitoringand control Systems, can integrate with other "native" frameworks   y y y ?         StarView no longer available?  (see OpenOffice) ? ? ? ? ? ? ?     Think Class Library An early commercial GUI framework for Mac             y     ViewKit ( SGI,ICS)  C++ framework for Motif   y  y y            ViewTouch "open framework source for rapid development of opennetwork computing applications" such as touchscreen y (withlesstif )  y               WindU MS Win API on Motif, with MFCsupport   y native native  native          WM_Motif MS Win API on Motif   y native  native  native          WNDX     y y y y   y     X Designer really a GUI builder. Unix version includes partial MFCi mplementation on Motif   y               XVT  well established, cross-platform framework   y y y y y y  y   zAPP  well established, cross-platform framework.No longer available.   ? ? ? ? ?       Zinc well established, cross-platform framework. supports24 platforms (including MS DOS and Unix text mode)freely available for  non-embedded use   y y y y y      

Java Oriented

• Sun/ Javasoft's AWT
• Sun/ Javasoft's IFC and JFC (Swing) withvariable look
• Microsoft'sAFC
• Borland/Inprise 's JBCL(JavaBeans Component Library) (part of JBuilder)
• Xelfi Technologies 's Xelfi(30 day free evaluation, low cost registration required for longer use)
• Visix's Vibe Foundation Classes (powerful GUI framework ispart of a complete Java development system Vibe) ( company out of business)
• SL-GMS , a framework for providing dynamic graphics in Pure Java applications
• UITools, "a toolkit for building graphical user interfaces (GUI) for simulation programs,"  like these tasks commonly done with MatLab and FORTRAN.
• Bambookit, XML-based User Interface, Java-based thin client platform that can be accessed anywhere, with any browser

C#

• WinForm, the standard C# GUI class library/framework.

Ada

• CLAW,Ada framework  for Windows 95/NT
• ObjectAda, Ada compiler/development environment, including GUI bindings for Windows,X/Motif

Fortran

• Winteracter, a modern GUI toolset for the Fortran 90/95 programming language, for Windows and Linux
  

LISP

• Common Lisp Interface Manager
• XPCE

Pascal (including Delphi)

• VCL(Visual Component Library), the GUI foundation for Inprise/Borland'spopular RAD tool Delphi, forWin 3.1/95/98/NT, "object-oriented component framework delivers the only truecomponent architecture with over 200 visual and non-visual components thatare completely reusable and extendable"

• CLX, Cross-platform library for Delphi , Kylix and CBuilder - Based on top of Qt, works on Win32 and GNU.Linux (x86)

• O2, OO framework for Delphi, including user interface layer

Fortran

• SancsGUI, for Compaq Visual Fortran, An object-oriented modeling and simulation environment for developing and deploying scientific and engineering applications without writing any GUI code. For 32-bit Windows.

Misc

• XPCE, GUI system for Prolog, Lisp and C++.
• MetaCard, a Hypercard-typescript language with integrated GUI library, for Unix/X11 and MS Win 3.1/95/NT.

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Related Links

Other GUI Toolkit Pages

• the FSU Toolkit Page
• BradMyers'sUser Interface Software Tools page
• Steve Baum's GUIpage
• Laura Michaels'sPortableScreen Library Resources page
• The Platform Independent GUI FAQ
• Karim Ratib's" http://www2.iro.umontreal.ca/~ratib/code/gui.htm"
• Scientific applicationson Linux's X11 Libraries & Toolkits page
• SunWorld 'soverview of GUI toolkits by Cameron Laird and Kathryn Soraiz.
• Themes.org , a web site dedicatedto GUI themes (variable look and feel)

X Windows/Motif

• MW3: Motif on the WorldWide Web: a monster list of Motif and X Window-related resources, includingGUI libraries and tools. Now motifdeveloper.com
• Kenton Lee's TechnicalX Window System and OSF/Motif WWW Sites: another rich list of X Window/Motifresources.

Alternative Windowing Systems

• Fresco (Berlin), an attempt to provide an alternative to X Windows.Also listed as a free GUI toolkit
• MiniGUI, small windowing system for embedded applications
• Microwindows (NanoGUI), small windowing system for embedded applications, for DOS, MS Windows, Unix, Linux SVGAlib, Linux kernel framebuffer (MPLed/GPLed)
• DirectFB,  a thin library that provides hardware graphics acceleration, input device handling and abstraction, integrated windowing system with support for translucent windows and multiple display layers on top of the Linux Framebuffer Device. (LGPLed)
• PicoGUI
• Y Widnow System

Papers on GUI

• "GUI Fragmentation is the Greatest Weakness of Unix",  arguing for good GUIstandards for Unix systems in responce to attacks by Microsoft Windows.

Drag and Drop protocols

• XDND,a new drag and drop protocol for X Windows  supported by Fox, Jx, Qtand gtk.

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Commercial Java Systems

• Vibe, a complete Java deployment system including tools fromcompiler to custom virtual machine. ( company out of business)

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Organizations for Free Software

• Free Software Foundation
• Linux International
• Software in the Public Interest (Debian GNU/Linux) 
• X.org Foundation, the revitalized organization, successor to the orginal  X Consortium,  maintaining the X Window System.
• Free Standards Group, the organization responsible for setting standards in Free OSes.  parent of the Linux Standards Base
  
• The XFree86 Project, Inc. Producer of the XFree86 , the X Windowserver for PC based UNIX and UNIX-like systems, role generally replaced by X.org
• The Open Source Initiative, organization for promoting the "Open Source" concept
• OpenOffice Foundation , the organization managing the OpenOffice project
• GNOME Foundation , the organization for GNOME
• KDE League, for the KDE project.

Important Free Software Projects

• GNU
  • gcc ,  The GNU Compiler Collection, formerly the GNU C/C++ compiler
    • egcs, formly the experimentalgcc project, now the official gcc
    • gcj, the GNU Java compiler
  • GNUStep , OpenStep clone
    • Display Ghostscript
• Linux , alsoknown as GNU/Linux ,GPLed Unix clone
• XFree86
• Netscape Communicator and Netscape Navigator (Mozilla), the once most popular web browser in the world, becomes free software on March 31, 1998.
• Arena,the free browser formally developed by the World Wide Web Consortium, now supported by Yggdrasil.
• Amaya , the free browser/editordeveloped by the World Wide Web Consortium
• FreeBSD , BSD-derivedfree Unix
• OpenBSD , BSD-derivedfree Unix
• NetBSD , BSD-derivedfree Unix
• OpenOffice , formerly StarOffice, now the free software office suite project support by Sun and in association with GNOME as the GNOME Office.
• Eclipse, Java-based open extensible IDE.

Free Object-oriented Componet Software Framework

• OpenDoc,the famous Apple/ IBM invention, maybe someday free software. (C++ API)
• OpenParts,KDE's component framework with ideas from OpenDoc
• Bonobo, GNOME's component framework

Free Java Systems/Compilers

• JDK(Java Development Kit), from Sun / Javasoft.( Linux version )(SGI version)
• Kaffe , a Java virtual machine from TransVirtual ,and just-in-time compiler, works on most Unix's, MS Win 95, NextStep and Amiga (GPLed).
• Japhar , a free JVM from the Hungry Programmers ,the offical GNU Java VM (LGPLed).
• Guavac, a GPLed Java source-to-bytecode compiler written in C++.
• Jikes, a Java source-to-bytecode compiler, faster Javac replacement
• Jump, a Java source-to-bytecode compiler with non-standard Java language extension,10 to 30 times faster than Javac
• j2c, a Java class file-to-C translator
• Toba, a Java class file-to-C translator, for standalone applications (not applets).
• gcj, the GNU Java compiler 

Free C# Systems/Compilers

• Mono, an effort to create an Open Source implementation of the .NET Development Framework. Includes: a compiler for the C# language, a runtime for the Common Language Infrastructure and a set of class libraries  (GPLed plus exceptions for linking)
• DotGNU, including Portable.NET, an effort to create an alternative to Microsoft .NET, including C# compiler and run-time libraries. (GPLed plus exceptions for linking)

Library Binding Generation Tool

• SWIG (Simplified Warpper and Interface Generator), "a program development tooldesigned to make it easy to build scripting language interfaces to C/C++ programs."

GUI Toolkit Implementation Utility Libraries

• libsigc++,"a library implements a full callback system for use in widget libraries,abstract  interfaces, and general programming."  (LGPLed)

Graphical Desktop Environments

• CDE, Common Desktop Environment, the commercially standard Unix desktop
• KDE , the K(ool) Desktop Environment, based on Qt.
• GNOME, GNU Network Object Model Environment, based on gtk .
• XFCE , a lightweight desktopenvironment for various UNIX systems, based on gtk
• GNUStep , the free softwareimplementation of the OpenStep desktop environment
• FLEK, an application framework "environment" based on Fltk
• Equinox Desktop Environment, based on Fltk
  

Others

• Mesa, a 3D graphics library providing an Open GL API, licensed under BSD (X11)-style license and now part of XFree86
• GLUT,the OpenGL Utility Toolkit, a window system independent toolkit for writingOpenGL programs
• vtk , The VisualizationToolkit (C++ API) ( license)
• GIMP , the GNU Image Manipulation Program, a Photoshop-style painting program, licensedunder GPL.
• FilmGIMP, a fork of GIMP for movie editing.
• ImageMagick, a set of powerful image manipulation/processing programs. Functions availableto other programs via a rich API.(BSD-stylelicense)
• libart (alt site), GNOME/RaphLevien's advanced 2D graphics library (LGPLed)
• Zodius, a C++, easy-to-use 2D graphics library (BSD-style license)

• Cario, a LGPLed/MPLed  "vector graphics library designed to provide high-quality display and print output. Currently available output targets include the X Window System, OpenGL (via glitz), Quartz, win32, in-memory image buffers, PNG images, PostScript, and PDF files. Some of these backends are still experimental. Cairo is designed to produce identical output on all output media while taking advantage of display hardware acceleration when available (eg. through the X Render Extension or OpenGL)." Possibly the standard 2D graphic API on free OSes.
  

• AGG (Anti-grain geometry, a powerful C++-based advanced 2d graphics rendering library   (BSD-style license)
  
• SDL (SimpleDirectMedia Layer) library, providing direct video framebuffer accessfor fast rendering, supports Linux, Win95/98/NT/2000, BeOS, MacOS, Solaris,IRIX, and FreeBSD. ( LGPLed) 
• OpenGL (Sample Implementation), now free software. 
• OpenInventor , advanced object-oriented 3D graphics framework, now free software. offering a comprehensive solution to interactive graphics programming problems. It presents a programming model based on a 3D scene database that dramatically simplifies graphics programming.  (LGPLed)
• SATIN and Quill, Java-based gesture toolkit that allow ink gesture inputs to drive GUIs (BSD licensed)
   
• A list of Drawing and Design Programs 
   

Companies developing/supporting FreeSoftware

• Cygnus Solutions
• RedHat
• Transvirtual
• Vectaport
• Yggdrasil

Other Free Software websites

• free-soft.org , aweb site providing general Free Software/Open Source information
• The Free Software Bazaar
• advogato.org , general discussion site for free software developers

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If you think anything is incorrect orwant to provide more information for inclusion in this page, please contact(via e-mail)

Andy Tai

Copyright 

© Copyright 1997-2003, 2005, 2007 AD ( ROC Years 86-92, 94, 96), by Li-Cheng (Andy) Tai, All rights reserved. 

Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.

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page created Apr 19, 1997 (86)

                有幾個小伙伴看完啦？ 看完的老板會多發年終獎喲^_^      由于這里不僅介紹了C++，還介紹了其他語言，那我們就挑少的先講吧。   一、C#     其中C#的庫是最少的，只有Mono和DotGNU兩個，而其中的Mono就是逆天了的跨平臺C#庫啦，很多人感慨如果C#這么方便的語言可以在linux上用就爽歪歪啦，這不，Mono不僅可以在linux PC機上運行，還可以在Android上運行，誰說微軟不跨平臺了！     Alberl之前只是聽說.NET拖拖控件就可以做出很漂亮的界面，結果發現連直線、圓形都可以直接拖上去，沒想到有這么方便！ 在向8年.NET經驗的同事請教了之后，發現.NET簡直完爆VC++的那一系列界面（如MFC、WTL），MFC要好多個步驟才能搞定布局、自適應窗口大小、改變背景色、控件透明等等，但是在.NET上都是動動鼠標、右鍵完事。哎，說真的，搞得Alberl當時都驚呆了！！！      如果只是開發普通樣式的界面，真的不用考慮MFC了！ 不過話說回來，如果要開發出QQ、金山那樣的界面，.NET也是需要做很多事情的，雖然只要花時間就可以完成（而MFC是花時間也不一定能完成的，還需要有比較高的水平），但如果VC++用上開源界面庫的話，就比.NET要爽很多啦~   二、Python、Lua、Perl     這幾個腳本語言也有人去折騰界面，其中wxPython還被標記成【good】，可見也是做得很不錯的。   三、Java     Java的界面庫也有十多款，其中SWT被標記成【good】，介紹說是標準的工具，Eclipse的一部分。（Alberl對GWT比較眼熟，可能是記錯了）   四、SDL     小伙伴們會發現有很多SDL字樣，那么SDL是何物呢？ 還記得第一篇教程嗎？ 那個ffmpeg播放視頻就是用的SDL。 SDL在多媒體和游戲領域可是非常出名的哦。VLC的播放也可以用SDL哦~   五、C++     可以看到，C#和Java的界面庫很少，而C++的多到看不完，難道是C++很強大？ 錯，同一類型的開源庫越多，就說明這個方向越弱。而C#和Java的界面庫之所以這么少，是因為他們的界面庫已經能滿足目前絕大部分需求了，無需其他界面庫了。而C++卻一直沒有一個好點的界面庫，所以總是有大牛覺得其他界面庫不好用，于是就有了各種各樣的界面庫，并且十多年過去了，還沒有定論，哪一種界面庫都沒能一統天下。     不過C++的界面庫是分linux和Windows的，兩個平臺的形勢大不一樣。 linux     linux下面就簡單多了，由于其應用大部分都沒有界面的，有界面的要求也不是很高，所以現有的開源庫已經能夠滿足需求了，而在上述這么多開源庫中，只有QT被標記為【Best】，可見QT是非常被認可的。而linux下就以QT最為權威了，而WxWidgets、GTK、GTK+、Fltk也比較著名，linux嵌入式下miniGUI最為著名（終于看到中國人的開源項目被世界認可了^_^），其他的很多界面庫就不提了，總之，linux下面，有這些界面庫已經夠用了。 windows商業庫     那么windows下的形勢就完全不同啦，不僅開源庫很多，而且商業庫也很多，其中不僅有大公司的商業庫，也有很多小公司的商業庫，競爭非常激烈，不過微軟是其中的巨頭！上述列表中提到的OWL、VCL、CLX都是Delphi里面的，Delphi已經被淘汰了。而MFC被列在第一位，其他商業庫基本沒聽說過，可見MFC是唯一的知名商業庫，已經打敗了其他商業庫一統天下了。     而其中并沒有列出win32，可以說把win32和MFC混為一談也沒什么不可以。既然混為一談的話，那么也就是說這些東西都是建立在win32的基礎上，那么剛剛說的小公司的商業庫就不能說是界面庫的競爭者了，而Alberl說的這些小公司指的是國內所謂DirectUI的公司，從上述列表來看，都是以平臺來做比較的，而那些DirectUI公司都沒有自己的平臺，都是建立在win32的基礎上，所以根本都沒資格排到這里來。所以這些DirectUI公司，其實可以和BCG、XTP這些公司并為一列，那就是說他們不是平臺，而是建立在win32這個平臺上的一堆庫而已。     BCG、XTP都稱自己是控件庫公司，建立在win32或者MFC之上；而天朝公司一向喜歡故弄玄虛，炒作概念，號稱是一個界面平臺，搞得好像他們有自己的平臺一樣，其實他們還是建立在win32的平臺上，還是要靠微軟，還是windows編程。而所謂的適用于多種編程語言，并不是他們的庫有多么NB，因為只要是標準的dll，就可以被任何支持dll的語言調用，但在他們的宣傳中，讓人感覺就是：好像dll本身不能被多種語言調用一樣，好像是被他們改進之后才有這個功能一樣o(╯□╰)o。     好吧，商業公司中當然是BCG、XTP最為著名啦，他們都是建立在win32或者MFC之上，作為一個輔助而已。 windows開源庫     雖然上面列舉了上百款開源庫，并且很多都是跨平臺的，但除了QT在windows上闖出了名氣以外，其他幾個還是只能在linux稱王。不得不說微軟的產品線做的非常完善，不然早就被linux那一堆跨平臺打垮了。也不得不說windows的占有率非常之高，導致很多公司只做windows平臺，壓根不需考慮linux，所以那些所謂的跨平臺對很多公司真的是一點吸引力都沒有！（智能手機大量流行之后除外，也就是2011年之后）     其實呢，這些界面庫在國外應該是夠用啦，看看國外那些殺毒軟件，在國內比起來簡直是土鱉界面，但在國外卻是比較好看的界面。像MSN、GTalk、Skype，界面也是一般般啦，用用MFC、自繪控件、商業庫（BCG、XTP），也是很容易做出來的。不過MSN是DirectUI，國內火爆的炒作DirectUI也提到了MSN，其實微軟技術這么牛，平臺都是自己做的，技術根本就不是問題啦，所以微軟的某個東西用的什么技術成功了，不代表我們就能成功，我們能和微軟去比么...  那說說GTalk、Skype吧，不過Alberl沒安裝過著兩款應用，所以無從說起，還請網友們提供測評信息~O(∩_∩)O~      那再說說火狐系列吧，從火狐瀏覽器、Thunderbird等一系列火狐產品，都是用的自主開發的XUL，并且效果都不錯！ 那我們也去用XUL？ 不過Alberl也不知道有沒有其他公司用XUL，還請網友們提供信息。并且XUL是人家自己開發的，有問題了隨時可以解決。咱們要是出了問題，找誰解決，去哪找資料？     看來windows下的界面庫還真是windows一統天下了，還真得靠win32提供的消息機制了。不過好消息還是有的，即使要靠win32平臺，也有很多不錯的界面庫。并且還有更多的不靠win32平臺的開源庫。由于本節只是介紹C++ Native界面庫，所以Web界面庫以及依賴win32的界面庫將在下一個教程中介紹~O(∩_∩)O~     需要提醒的是，Alberl并沒有一一去對比上面列舉的上百款界面庫，只是挑了一些著名的庫做介紹，并且介紹也都是道聽途說的，沒有親自驗證，還請各位網友對Alberl的介紹持懷疑態度，如果有哪位網友對其中的界面庫有過深入的了解，希望能提供一些信息。     最后感嘆一下：哎，怎么老外動不動就自己開發框架呀，怎么咱們動不動就到處找別人的框架呀o(╯□╰)o   from:http://www.cnblogs.com/Alberl/p/3375162.html  RFID管理系統集成商 RFID中間件 條碼系統中間層 物聯網軟件集成